ABSTRACT
Background: Atherosclerosis is caused by the combination of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Combination of DM and dyslipidemia is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Hence, it is of utmost importance to know the nature of dyslipidemia in DM for its effective management. The major lipid abnormalities seen in DM are elevated triglyceride levels and lowered HDL-C levels.Methods: A case-controlled study was initiated in Vinayaka Missions Medical college and hospital for a period of 2 year. Pre-prandial and post-prandial lipid profile was assessed in 50 cases of type 2 DM and was compared with age and sex matched healthy controls satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: At the end of the study, the mean age±SD was 48.5±5.68 years. The mean HbA1c±SD of the study population was found to be 7.48±1.517. Looking at the lipid profile all cases in fasting state had elevated VLDL-C levels (mean 50.39±60.27), elevated TC (mean 169.70±39.917), elevated TGL (mean 146.04±60.140) and low LDL-C (mean 92.3±27.699) when compared to control group. In the postprandial state, there was a significant raise in TGL level (mean 188±68.59), raised TC (mean 180.74±38.46), decreased HDL-C (mean 38.761±9.028) compared to the fasting state.Conclusions: Lipid profile of type 2 DM in pre-prandial 12 hour fasting state showed elevated TC, VLDL-C levels and low LDL-C and HDL-C levels. Where as in post prandial state TGL levels were markedly elevated with elevated TC and low HDL-C levels.
ABSTRACT
Unilateral renal cystic disease (URCD) of kidney is a non-familial, extremely rare condition, characterized by replacement of the renal parenchyma of one kidney by a cluster of multiple cysts of varying size with a normal contralateral kidney. It is morphologically indistinguishable from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD); as such, hepatic and pancreatic cysts is not seen and shows no progressive deterioration in renal function; thus, differentiating ADPKD from URCD becomes important. We report a case of URCD documented by clinical and radiological imaging. A 21 year-old female, presented with history of mild lancinating pain in the left flank for 6 years which aggravated in the past 3 days, with no history of lower urinary tract symptoms. No significant family illnesses reported. Examination showed normal vitals and ballotability present and associated tenderness on deep palpation in left lumbar region. Laboratory findings were within normal limits. Ultrasonography of abdomen and pelvis showed left hydronephrosis with multiple cysts. CECT Abdomen revealed an enlarged left kidney (∼15×16×10 cm) filled with variable sized round, well-marginated multiple cysts. Renal ultrasound was performed on patient’s parents and her siblings and ruled out cystic renal disease. Hence, authors considered the diagnosis of URCD in this patient. In conclusion, treatment and managing guidelines of URCD have not been mentioned in any of the medical literatures. There is little information regarding the progression of URCD. Hence there is a need for further understanding of pathogenesis, progression and management of these patients.